City by Clifford Simak [1952]
Open Road Integrated Media
247 pages
Reader Response by Matt H. [v 1.1] from
Reading Odyssey
Rating: TBD
*** MILD POTENTIAL SPOILERS
Story Summary
Eight separate legends that have been passed down through thousands of years of dog culture tell the story and trajectory of earth’s various intelligent and sentient beings -- dogs, humans, human-mutants, robots and ants. The stories themselves also cover tens of thousands of years and there is much doubt among dog scholars as to their historicity. Did man in fact ever exist? Did the city ever exist? Why? What was its purpose?
Framed by their often puzzled doggish commentaries and introductions, the reader learns of man’s final fate, his relation to the dogs and the origin of their intelligence and culture, especially their abhorrence of killing. Most of all the myths tell of momentous and consequential tuning points in history and the fateful decisions of their legendary and folkloric heroes, in particular those of one specific human family, the Websters and their timeless robot servant Jenkins.
Critical Reader Response
These tales are really about extraordinarily fateful moments, and the momentous decisions of the Webster clan and their results that are also unexpected and odd. A highly original flavor is created. Not action-packed by any means, this book achieves its impact through careful build-up. Simak writes very well about pastoral nature and country life. At times his writing seems to take a measure of style from the great US Southern writers work in the first half of the 20th century. Especially in the earlier tales the tone is folksy and countrified even when treating of strange and outlandish subjects. And the juxtaposition of the two creates a unique effect. He is also expert in the realm of atmospherics and creates a creepy, misty, back woods feel and is vivid in portraying the natural phenomena of forest, hill and stream. Even with robots and talking dogs and socially conscious squirrels he keeps it aesthetically integrated and serious and to me it never went into the silly. This I think might have been the case with a less imaginative or skilled writer.
Among other things, the story is told of how human beings lost their dominance of the earth. The city as a phenomena was doomed from the beginning of the nuclear age. It was dissolved because it was a too tempting target for nuclear weapons. With humanity dispersed into the countryside no such opportunity existed. But with the fall of the city came changes in attitude, people became far fewer, far more independent and individualized (Though a vestige of a central government is evident in several of the tales.) As cities become a thing of the forgotten past, the “social glue” needful for urban life disappears and people become isolated and ruralized in their way of life. Lone, ageless mutants haunt the hills. Further on in the story we learn that a great majority of the remaining earthlings go to Jupiter where they are transformed into Jovian beings, never to return. A central item in humankind’s evolution is notably not a technology or scientific discovery, but a philosophy, “discovered”, or half-discovered by a close Webster friend, the Martian Juwain. The moral test put to this early Webster heir and his failing is especially poignant.
War, pacifism, natural predation and killing are central themes. And Simak’s take is sophisticated, hinting at some downsides to a totally pacifistic society – as we see in the final tale and the problem of the ants. Admirably, the books were (for me) almost allegory-proof. I got no sense that - oh, the ants are like the Soviets (or whatever). I’m a big fan of this kind of pure imaginative weirdness – and the book delivered it along with an emotional climax in each tale.
One of most fun-to-read aspects of the book is the wonderful puzzlement of the scholarly fictional dog commentators. Why do humans say and do the things they do? How can their thinking be so weird and alien? Could any of this possibly be true? Could this mythic creature, man have actually been responsible for bestowing intelligence on dogs? An entertaining tension is set up between the real human reader (to which the tales are clearly comprehensible) and the “wiser” dog scholars and their revealing semi-truthful speculations. But Dog culture too is shown to have large blind spots. They believe in a pre-Copernican, even pre-classical, universe in which the stars are known to be merely points of light. Space flight and other planets spoken of in the myths are rubbish and nonsense. At the same time, and it is not quite clear how, the dogs have a “science” that is in many ways far superior to ours. They have telepathy and mental or metaphysical powers that allow them to travel into other dimensions or alternate “time-lines”.
The super-humanly intelligent mutant, Joe was perhaps my favorite character. He is central to the events of the book but is completely opaque in motivation.. He just doesn’t give a hang about anything, and though apparently partly human (or descended at least from them) has no human hooks on which to operate, no way to be persuaded. He is a lanky, creepy, lurking woodsman, menacing, inscrutable and immensely powerful. Inter dimensional and non-corporeal vampires and the world-conquering ants round out the cast and if anything are even more terrifyingly unknowable.
Each of the eight is quite strong as a self-contained story. But one of the best, the story “Desertion” - about Jupiter and humankind’s choice no longer to remain human, is one that fits into the overall book the worst. It is a little too different from the rest in POV and tone to my mind. If you wanted to pull threads further, one could ask… Why should these ancient dog legends take the exact form of obvious sci fi short stories? Because the tales do not resemble myths in the slightest, but have all the features and clear marks of modern writing – naturalized dialog, developed characters, standard narrative technique, etc. They don’t read like myths and the reason for this is not explained. Within the conceit of the whole book, this could be pointed to as a nagging question.
So, the individual tales are excellent, highly imaginative and emotionally engaging. The connective tissue (introductions) is entertaining and super-imaginative too. However the seams do show pretty clearly, and there are a few logical weak spots here and there as I mentioned. The end of last tale is not at all bad, but doesn’t seem to quite measure up as an end for the entire novel- a liability of a highly episodic form. In fact it might be impossible to neatly tie-up such a fairly sprawling set of sub-plots and themes.
If you look at a dog, a special creature in relation to humans by all accounts, though they may not top the list of animal problem-solvers or tool users, I will not be the first to point out a unique look of human intelligence and sensitivity is there. Since I read this, I have not been looking at dogs quite the same way. It’s very easy to look and wonder… if dogs
could have a culture, what would it be? That persistent wondering, along with many other merits, is a big thing for a novel to achieve.