Nuclear holocaust is very overrated by media. If you wish to know what real post-Nuke world probably would be – pick up some Cold War manuals for army and civilians alike. About real shelters, real impact from bombing and real radiation problems and ways to solve them. It’s actually not that bad as Fallout or Mad Max describe it. For example almost all huge plants and arms manufacturers should be restored few weeks after impact because war would continue after Nukes, everybody understood it. People who worked on those plants were instructed how to act and had all the equipment. Even special vacuum cleaners to clean radioactive dust. All sorts of things. Even anti-nukes shelters
are not that complex. I read those plans for Nuclear War made in Soviet Union.
Fascinating stuff. Don't know about USA but in USSR people were drilled and trained for Nuclear War on daily basis starting with school.
And as for civilians – only biggest cities would be the target. And smaller ones with 500 hundred and less population wouldn’t probably even feel the bombing. Of course they would lose electricity and water because power plants would be the first obvious targets. But then again we have power generators of all kinds in abundance.
So in my opinion nuclear holocaust is overrated. As World War was. It would be a big mess, of course. But not the end of civilization and humankind. Quite the contrary, it was a huge boost to technology and progress.
That...misses a few critical points. First, those various manuals were mostly junk intended to help people believe they might survive. Mind you, you aren't wrong that rural small towns would not be nuked. However, there are an estimated
23,000 nuclear weapons still in existence, and unlike the
crude attempts of WWII, each of those offer a total annihilation zone of between a 5km and 21km sphere. A single nuke can wiped out a city and all of its suburbs. And that's only the "close" effects, the radiation death zones and EMP effect are larger still. Worse yet, those are only the
initial effects. The
real problems come
after that mass devastation.
The largest of those problems isn't even the radiation aftermath. Oh sure, that's bad, but the
smoke is worse. Even the detonation of merely the USA/Russia rapid response (2600 + some fraction of the estimated 7600 submarine launches) would generate 150 million tonnes of smoke that would rapidly ascend into the stratosphere. The spread of that smoke would quickly cover the Earth entirely, and remain there for
years blocking and absorbing sunlight. The estimate is that 70% of all sunlight would be blocked from the Earth's surface in the hemisphere of the detonations (in the event it was a one hemisphere war, not global) and 35% in the non-involved hemisphere. Of course, with Korea, China, and others joining in, you'd likely get similar effects in both hemispheres of 70% solar blockage. The net result of this is the "Nuclear Winter" term you've probably heard before, with
nightly killing frosts that would prevent the growth of any open-terrain food. Average global precipitation would fall by 45%, causing a global drought, massive ozone layer destruction would occur with resulting dangerous UV exposure with the sunlight that did reach the ground, and lower lying toxic smoke from all the refineries and power plants would blow through huge territories like poisonous dust storms.
A true, full-blown nuclear was/is considered an
extinction level event for a
reason. Arguably, those poor bastards living in small towns would have it
worse , as they'd die slowly of starvation and atmospheric poison instead of quickly in the detonations themselves. Oh, and don't just dismiss the smoke effects as nonsense or fear mongering, go look at what the atmospheric effects of volcanic eruptions are. Single volcanic eruptions, which produce far
far less smoke than we're talking about with a nuclear war, create vast regional cooling effects that can last for months or years, giving ample practical data to use in modeling the effects of the smoke in large volumes.
So, ultimately, you're right that it isn't as bad as Fallout or Mad Max...it's worse, much worse.