Is Steelpunk the new Steampunk? Does Steelpunk even exist?

Virgil Tracy

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The various genres and subgenres of science fiction are just handy labels to help people to chat about and ferret out the styles and stories they love. The sci fi I love is Steelpunk and I’m looking for more of it.

Steelpunk: Science fiction from the heyday of hardware

Steelpunk harks back to the heyday of the space race and the jet age, when everything was chrome-plated, needle-nosed, rocket-propelled, atomic-powered and soundtracked by screaming turbines.

Steelpunk celebrates the technologies that had their heyday in the last decades of the last millennium. It is to the late 20th century what Steampunk is to the 19th.

Steelpunk is about hardware, not software, the real not the virtual, megatech not nanotech. The artefacts of Steelpunk aren’t grown, printed or programmed, they’re built. With rivets.

Imagine the Thunderbirds written by William Burroughs. Think The Right Stuff before it all went wrong.

Steampunk never grabbed me.It’s partly just a matter of taste — the Victorian era doesn’t resonate for me. But it’s also partly because I don’t think Steampunk tells us much about our world, especially now that it has morphed from literary genre to lifestyle choice. These days it’s more of a fashion statement than a comment on our times. That’s where Steelpunk comes in. It focuses on the vision of the future that inspired the era just past and so it illuminates the present. Steelpunk shows how yesterday’s tomorrow gave us today. Plus it’s got rocketships.

The problem is, it’s only at the movies that I get anything like a Steelpunk fix. I’ve kind of lost touch with science fiction in print. My subscription to Analog lapsed years ago and I’ve just drifted away. Does anyone have any suggestions or recommendations for Steelpunk books or stories?

My hunt for Steelpunk turned up genres I’d never heard of, stuff like Dieselpunk, Decopunk, Atompunk, Elfpunk and Dreampunk. I can see touches of Steelpunk in the first three, but they’re into more specific eras. Dieselpunk and Decopunk seem to revive the tech-aesthetic of the early twentieth century and Atompunk limits itself to the pre-digital Cold War period.

I think Steelpunk worships at a broader church. It doesn’t exclude other techs (info-, nano-, bio-). That said, these technologies are such powerful agents of change that any Steelpunk story probably needs to explain why they have faded into the background.

The punk in Steelpunk shouldn’t just be a suffix denoting science fiction either. It should have an underground element, a subversive edge. Steelpunk collides with other genres that operate at the margins, like crime, noir and pulp fiction.

Steelpunk has a satirical bent. In hindsight it’s hard to take seriously the technological utopianism of Steelpunk’s formative years. These days, the fossil-fueled, jet-propelled, rocket-motored, atomic-powered engines of environmental destruction that are the totems of Steelpunk are almost taboo. Steelpunk knows it’s all a bit dirty. Think Gru’s fume-spewing car in Despicable Me.

Or better still, take the whole Mad Max mythos. All that high-octane fun and fury makes it one of the best examples of Steelpunk I can think of. And Steelpunk does love a good apocalypse. It’s as much about dirty dystopias as it is high-chrome dreams. Start with a nice disaster, add a bit of social disorder and our interconnected technological ecosystems grind to a halt. Time to dig out yesterday’s machines. Ice Age coming? You need Snowpiercer’s allegorical supertrain. Global crop blight? Try Interstellar’s forgotten spaceship.

The two main themes of Steelpunk that make it into the mainstream are Fight and Flight. Battlesuits, war machines and rampaging robots turn up again and again, as do flying cars and jetpacks.

Perhaps the success of the Iron Man franchise comes down to the fact that Tony Stark’s suit combines both. In the original sixties comic, Stark stood for all that is good and glorious in the military-industrial complex. Robert Downey Jr’s inveterate self-mockery made him a different figure in the movies, and all the more Steelpunky as a result.

Steelpunk wears a rich array of fashion, ranging from jumpsuits all the way to catsuits. Its preference, however, is for the latest weaponised workwear: the battle suits from Edge of Tomorrow, Robocop’s hardwired hardshell or mecha like Pacific Rim’s Jaegers. The best Steelpunk exosuit to clank out of Hollywood wasn’t even designed for fighting: the Caterpillar P-5000 Power Loader that Ripley repurposed to battle the alien queen in Aliens. (Aliens is basically a Steelpunk war movie, the original Alien a Steelpunk horror).

Hollywood gets a bit anxious when machines think for themselves. Ethical issues around Artificial Intelligence are beyond the ambit of Steelpunk, but it loves massive stomping robots like The Iron Giant or steely-skeletoned assassins like the Terminator. And nobody could accuse Michael Bay of overthinking the Transformers; shiny shapeshifters smash each other to pieces, what’s not to like?

Steelpunk even has its own version of the car chase. For me, the flying car getaways are often a highlight of the movies they appear in: The Fifth Element, 2012’s Total Recall and that Star Wars prequel (no idea which one, they blend into one long sigh of disappointment).

Meanwhile honorary Atompunk Bond film Thunderball made the jetpack seem like the way of the future. Sadly, since then they mainly crop up in self-consciously retro films like Rocketeer, Sky Captain and the World of Tomorrow and Tomorrowland.

The most muscular machinery in Steelpunk is devoted to lifting us off this planet entirely. In Steelpunk, the space race never ended and we’re still boldly going etc.

Nowadays space travel in the movies tends to a kind of Steelpunk verité. In films like Gravity and The Martian we are a fly on a wall, usually a wall about to rupture catastrophically, giving our heroes the chance to science the sh*t out of things.

Often space comes to us, and not with the best intentions. Alien invasions like Independence Day or War of the Words let Hollywood raid the military’s toybox and start blasting away. Sometimes these disaster-from-space movies are just disasters. Armageddon, I’m looking at you. (As an aside, if you feel I’m being a bit critical of a few movies, you may be right. In my defence, I collect famous insults, especially show business insults, which might incline me to harsh judgements.)

Steelpunk is all about physical power, and the gadgets and contraptions that deliver it. It’s playing with fire and having fun while it’s at it. Fans will relate to the Joker’s cry from Tim Burton’s Batman: “Where does he get those wonderful toys?”. In fact the original series Batmobile, with its rocket thruster and nuclear powertrain, is a Steelpunk icon. “Atomic batteries to power! Turbines to speed!” could be the Steelpunk mantra. Daft Punk summed up the Steelpunk creed: Harder, Better, Faster, Stronger.

So does this survey suggest what Steelpunk is and could be? Does the idea appeal?

If so, do you have any suggestions for any books (or movies, TV shows, comics and games) that a wannabe Steelpunk fan would enjoy?
 
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Steelpunk celebrates the technologies that had their heyday in the last decades of the last millennium. It is to the late 20th century what Steampunk is to the 19th.
So fantasy, as most "steampunk" has nothing much to do with the real Victorian age. Steel goes back to before Mediaeval Age and well established by the Victorian age. Cast Iron was much cheaper.

Rivets are 19th C, progressively replaced by welding on steel in the 1930s. Aluminium and its alloys (used widely since 19th) continued to be mostly riveted (Duraluminium = Copper / Aluminium alloy used on planes since 1930s) as welding of it only came in in late 1960s and specialist due to weak joins and need for TIG equipment originally.

19th C was actually the Electrical Age (batteries invented 1799 / 1800) and actually the 18th C was true brass and steam age, though in a sense we are still in the steam age as a majority of power plants use steam turbines.

There is actually very little difference between 20th and 21st Century. "Tablet" computers and MP3 players are 20th C. Smartphone is from 1998, Konrad's Z1 computer was 1939. Computer compiler 1956. ICs from 1954. Electronic TV outlined in 1906, experimental colour TV 1920s, Actual Electronic TV 1935 (public 1936, Baird's system was obsolete Victorian tech even when he first did a demo). Electrical hearing aids before 1900. Radio with voice before the 1921 start of public broadcasting. Computer workstations with High Resolution graphics and forerunner of Internet was 1976. LED and Transistor (FETs) theory early 1930s. First Liquid Hydrogen/Liquid oxygen rocket motor test was early 1930s. Jet engines developed by UK, Germany and Italy by 1939. German fighter with rocket engine in 1945. Personal Radios, USA 1941.

Modern Steel making is Victorian!

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steel#History_of_steelmaking

Other Victorian inventions:
Aluminium, Plastics / Synthetic fibre, home recording, Mechanical TV, Radio, Typewriters, Telegraph (and spam on it!) Fax, telephone, Lead Acid batteries, Iron Nickel batteries, disposable "dry" Zinc Batteries, flashlights, electric street lights (Sherlock Holmes in one story examines score on a desk using Electric desklamp), Submarines with engines that worked underwater, torpedo, diving suits. Cars using diesel (actually 18th C too), electric, petrol and steam engines existed at the same time. Ball point pens for warehouse packing cases. Vacuum pumps, CRT (but not amplifying valves/tubes till 1905), pneumatic amplifier for record players (so loud that today they are used to test aerospace components). Dynamite as a safer alternative to gun powder or "raw" nitroglycerine in mining (Dynamite is nitroglycerine in a binder). Anaesthetics (Nitrous Oxide first proposed/discovered in 1794, but wasn't really used till 1830s except for recreation!). Rigid airships. Engines efficient enough for ocean going ships (earlier engines only used in waterways and inshore as they used too much fuel). Photography, Cinema and experimental colour photography. Colour printing predates the Victorian age. Float plate glass is from mid 1950s, but the Victorians did manage to get past hand blown "crown glass" cut to small panes to mass production of glass in large sheets (see Crystal Palace!), though it was the early 20th C. when the manual part was finally automated.

Not an exhaustive list. Speed of Light and non-existence of the Aether proven by Victorians. Einstein acknowledged Victorian Maxwell's equations which required light speed / radio waves in a vacuum to be a constant, and the value of it as being very close to Special Relativity (1905). The geometry needed for General Relativity was Victorian and Einstein was unable to finalise General relativity till someone pointed him at it. Computers rely on Boolean Algebra, developed in 1864.
Quantum Mechanics has its origin firmly in the Victorian era, though major milestones are 1900 (1st proposal), 1905 (Einstein explains photoelectric) and 1924 (when the phrase coined).
 
suggestions for any books (or movies, TV shows, comics and games) that a wannabe Steelpunk fan would enjoy?
Sky Captain and the World of Tomorrow so totally fits what you want?
http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0346156/
I really enjoyed it.
Note the USA actually had two airships that were aircraft carriers designed by Zeppelin company in 1930s!
Zeppelin still make airships. They had height record during WWI and also special fuel and condensers so that the buoyancy didn't change during flight due to fuel consumption. Even when there wasn't war, the USA (who used helium) wouldn't sell helium to other countries, inc UK. The USA helium reserves were a by product of gas and oil production, even before WWI.

I feature Airships that carry eight Spitfire like planes in "Conspiracies and Rooks".
 
There is a similar sci-fi movement called Rocketpunk. Basically sticks with 50's era tech since the microchip means computers and computers means people are less relevant for space exploration (http://www.rocketpunk-manifesto.com). Not sure how much modern stuff is using that criteria though. The site Atomic Rockets (http://www.projectrho.com/public_html/rocket/) helps many authors stay as realistic as possible, avoiding easy handwave tech like anti-grav, FTL, and endless thrust no-remass engines. It's a good source for how space stuff actually works, which makes things end up resembling what you want (brave explorers huddled in metal tubes hurling into the unknown).
 
Atomic Rockets (http://www.projectrho.com/public_html/rocket/) is an excellent resource. I've saved the entire site with wget just in case it suffers fate of geocities. Printed stuff can survive for 500+ to 2000+ years. Sadly you can't buy a domain name, only rent. You can't buy perpetual hosting either. So if YOU the reader, have a website, back it up on an HDD (USB flash drives / SD cards fade, CD /DVD "burned" discs do fade. An HDD lasts a very long time if not powered up).
Basically sticks with 50's era tech since the microchip means computers and computers means people are less relevant for space exploration
I used a slide rule up till 1973.
Automated rockets and vehicles, even with automated guidance existed in the 1940s. First full size plane completely retrofitted for radio remote control was 1917!
The WWII V1 or V2 used an analogue computer powered by a steam engine using hydrogen peroxide fuel.
During WWII they even fitted proximity radar to shells and bombs using sub-miniature valves (tubes), as small as 12mm x 40mm. This was a big boost to Mallory's mercury button cells as power. Also used was silver oxide and silver zinc batteries (Russia). Mallory developed Eveready/NCC/UC or GB Ever Ready (not sure which) unwanted 1950s Alkaline battery and sold it as Duracell, later becoming Duracell. The USA Eveready later did this with Energizer.

Before being interrupted by WWII and told that he'd be shot if caught working on the space ship plans again, Werner Von Braun was planning a Mars mission. It was completely possible as an automated mission in the 1930s to 1950s WITHOUT digital computers.
Digital computers existed for many years before the microprocessor. The 4004 was a predecessor of the 8088 in IBM PC, which was 6 years after "personal computers" and more than 10 years after desktop size mini-computers. It was used simultaneously for Minuteman missile program and a Japanese calculator. It replaced a larger circuit board. Micro chips were not the limiting factor really, but compact memory. Memory was huge using a tiny ferrite core for each "bit" of "RAM". The first hard drives only had a few M Byte. Earlier non-RAM storage was 10" diameter 1/2" wide tapes.
 
Early spy satellites didn't want to have the Ice Station Zebra scenario. Electronic cameras were too poor and the data rate / radio bandwidth too high. So they used a film camera. Very high resolution film and used the one useful idea from Baird in 1930s. They automatically developed it in the satellite and used a slow CRT moving dot and photo-detector to scan it and transmit each frame slowly by encrypted radio.
Exploring, photographing and sending back the images and other data (radar etc) of the planets in the solar system is very possible using 1940s technology. No people, computers or microchips needed.

The distance between stars is so great that even radio transmission isn't actually feasible. With huge resource, dish arrays the size half the moon's surface and multiple fusion power stations you might communicate with the nearest stars. Basic thermodynamics (Inverse square law and Shannon's Law) can be beaten. However a simple robot probe is possible. It would take a very long time. A generation ship is technically feasible. Nuclear sub development cracked the closed environment issue. Cosmic radiation is a HUGE problem, so habitat needs an enormous amount of shielding. Water is quite good!

So even today, automated probes are a better idea. Still for SF, you want one piece of handwavium (don't explain it!) to make a feasible starship, or you can't have any story with interstellar travel. Hibernation/suspended animation is more feasible than cryogenics, which simply destroys people.
 
There is a similar sci-fi movement called Rocketpunk. Basically sticks with 50's era tech since the microchip means computers and computers means people are less relevant for space exploration (http://www.rocketpunk-manifesto.com). Not sure how much modern stuff is using that criteria though. The site Atomic Rockets (http://www.projectrho.com/public_html/rocket/) helps many authors stay as realistic as possible, avoiding easy handwave tech.

Interesting, thanks Jason. Rocketpunk sounds like it comes from the same kind of place as Steelpunk.
And that Atomic Rockets site looks like a great resource for anyone who wants to write rockety Steelpunk (or steely Rocketpunk). Love the idea of science fiction written "the way God and Heinlein intended".
 
The Moon is a Harsh Mistress. It would be 100% perfect re-written without the AI. A hacker would be better, though it would work with NO computer!
 
Hmm. The Fallout universe seems to be set in the right era, but it's post-apocalyptic and Earthbound. When they do delve into the space technology they had before the war, it does fit the bill but it's not the focus of the stories. Plus they're all video games, not books.
 
Even the first Fallout game had the alien blaster found near a crashed flying saucer. I was part of the QA team for the first two in the series but as you say it’s a game ( and quite an open one) series and both Fallout 3 and Fallout 4 have similar glimpses of alien tech to be uncovered and used. But it never really raises to becom an actual plot point in the driving themes of each game.
Let me toss in Harry Harrison hilarious Star Smashers of the Galaxy Raiders for your consideration while not exactly steam vintage it is from the age of aviation that is now referred to as the steam gages pieriod. That is to say round dials with pointers that aim at the value being measured
This in real life would be the period before CRT displays started to appear with the first major new aircraft with the display screen cockpit being the Boeing 757 and 767 airliners they still used the steam gauges for things like engine parameters. Boring also had the first so called all glass cockpit with their 777 from its first introduction and the 807 is the current stat of the art.
Also let me point you to the works of E. E. Doc Smith one of the fathers of the space opera area of Science Fiction. Which Harry Harrison so adroitly sends up In SSotGR
 
The Outward Urge by Wyndham and Parkes would probably qualify as Steelpunk.
Interesting, I'll have to check it out. I went through a phase of reading all Wyndham's biological disaster books but hadn't come across The Outward Urge. Thanks for the suggestion Michael.
 
Hmm. The Fallout universe seems to be set in the right era, but it's post-apocalyptic and Earthbound. When they do delve into the space technology they had before the war, it does fit the bill but it's not the focus of the stories. Plus they're all video games, not books.
Yeah, when I was reading about the various 'punks, Fallout got mentioned as a good example of Atompunk (which I fondly imagine to be a subset of Steelpunk).
 
Let me toss in Harry Harrison hilarious Star Smashers of the Galaxy Raiders for your consideration ...Also let me point you to the works of E. E. Doc Smith one of the fathers of the space opera area of Science Fiction. Which Harry Harrison so adroitly sends up In SSotGR
Thanks for the ideas.
Haven't read Star Smashers but I wonder whether Harrison's Stainless Steel Rat books (which I loved) were in my mind when I was thinking about Steelpunk, if just for the use of steel to suggest the Modern age.
 
It exists alright, but probably not as a genre. Subgenre would be the correct description. Science fiction would be the genre.
 

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